AFM images and Force Measurement Results by Penn State Researchers An example of a topographic (tapping mode) image of a bacterium (KC in MOPS buffer; the arrows indicate the width of the cell which is about 1.5 um) (From Camesano et al., 1999). Phase Image of Pseudomonas strain KC (in MOPS buffer; from Camesano et al. 1999) AFM force measurements (approach curves) for a Pseudomonas sp. KT2442 at different pH's (in 1 mM M MOPS buffer; adapted from Camesano & Logan, 1999). AFM image showing the roughness of a glass bead used in bacterial transport column experiments.  This image was taken of a 50 um secion of a 500-750 um bead using AFM contact mode in air (courtesy of Karl Shellenberger)